Culture Clash Essay Essays

Culture Clash Essay Essays Culture Clash Essay Paper Culture Clash Essay Paper Everywhere that you will go in the world you will come across people that do not have access to adequate health care. The people that live in these situations are no better than you or I. They are being victimized for where they live and that is something that is just not acceptable. We must come up of a way to make sure everyone has access to good health care. In rural areas all over the world there is the least amount of health care. There are major health organizations in the main cities but in the lesser-developed areas people can’t get the treatment that their bodies require. These people are living with a lower quality of life and they can’t even help it. Africa is one place in the world where the people in rural areas have little to no health care. The people that live in those places have to travel great distances in order to get the treatment that they need and many people can’t make the journey. If health care were offered in these areas the people would be a lot better off. The answer to these problems is actually quite simple. Currently in South Africa there is a program called the Phelophepa Health Care Train that has treated more than 234,000 patients since it’s inception in 1994. Transnet’s Health Care Train consists of more than 15,000 kilometers of railway tracks which boxcars travel on to all the rural areas in South Africa. The main goal for this operation is that when the boxcar reaches a community they screen and give out health education for free to all individuals that wish to be there. They also give out meals to the people who cannot afford food for themselves. If a person were in need of more serious medical assistance they would just hop aboard and get a ride on the train for free to the nearest hospital that could treat them. To date more than 4,000 people have volunteered to work on the train. The Health Care Train operates every week for 37 weeks a year and they are funded from local and international donors and funders! . If the plan presented above were to take affect in all of Africa then I’m sure that it would help to do a world of difference for the people living in rural areas. These people would finally be getting the health care that they need and deserve. The quality of life in Africa would also go up and the people would be educated about health matters so the people will be less likely to get sick in the future. The rest of the world would benefit from this plan as well. People living in rural areas would have the health care available to them that they deserve. The quality of life would go up and the people would be further educated in health matters. With the people’s increased knowledge in these matters they could prevent themselves from getting sick in the future. The Phelophepa Health Care Train is a good idea and if enacted all over the world would probably solve most health care problems. This plan has been tried and tested in South Africa for more than three years now and it has shown that a plan like this has been able to work wonders for people living in rural areas. This plan should be enacted at once all over the world because the quality of life would go up and we all know how important health is.

ESL Newscast Lesson Plan

ESL Newscast Lesson Plan Media is an ever-present reality and one that students are intimately familiar with. As such, diving into the media landscape offers multiple avenues for interesting lessons that will hold students attention. You can start by studying media-related words so that students are familiar with the basics. From there, lesson plans can revolve around anything from watching news videos on YouTube to publishing a class newspaper. One activity that helps students cover a variety of media related themes is to have students create and act out a newscast. The larger the class, the more roles students can take on. Perhaps your class might even put up the final version online. ESL Newscast Lesson Plan Breakdown Aim: Develop a working knowledge of vocabulary related to mediaActivity: Creating a newscastLevel: Intermediate to advanced Lesson Activities Study media-related vocabulary covering the basics of printed and broadcast video.Discuss different roles on news broadcasts including anchorpersons, meteorologists, and sports reporters.  Compare and contrast printed and broadcast media and how they are currently used in our daily lives.Watch a video on YouTube or on TV of a typical newscast together as a class. Its not necessary to watch an entire broadcast. However, students should have a chance to become familiar with a range of reports.Watch the newscast a second time and ask students to take note of typical phrases used to introduce various reports and reporters, as well as make transitions.Review transition phrases in small groups with students matching language functions to appropriate phrases.Ask students to write out two alternate phrases for each language function.  As a class, review possible phrases. Write phrases on the whiteboard, or take note in a document to print out for students.Ask groups to read a transcript of a typical broadcast. Ive included an easy version below, but advanced classes should be able to handle actual broadcast transcripts. Next, students  script out a short newscast in groups of four to six. One student should take on the role of anchorperson, one as the weatherperson, another as a sports reporter. For larger groups, add various reporters as required. For example, one group might have a gossip reporter from Hollywood, another group might have a reporter on assignment in China, etc.  Ask students to work together to write a short newscast with each student responsible for his or her own role / report.Review students scripts as needed and help out with transitional language.Have students practice the newscast until they can deliver the news  comfortably with little reference to the script.  Enjoy the newscasts as a class. If its really good, share the newscast online.  Afterwards, repeat the fun with this lesson on writing dramatic scripts as a class. Newscaster Language Match the following purpose to the jargon phrases that follow. Once youve matched the phrases, come up with two additional phrases that might be used to accomplish the same function: Opening the newscastAnnouncing the headlinesIntroducing the weatherCutting to a commercialTransitioning to a new storyIntroducing live coverageIntroducing the sports segmentInterrupting the newscast for breaking newsUsing pleasant small talk to finish the newsSigning off from the broadcast Broadcast Journalism Jargon Excuse me, we have a developing situation ...Good evening and here is tonights important news.Hi Steve, were on the ground here in downtown ...How about that game last night!Its pretty wet out there, isnt it?Lets get out there and enjoy some of the good weather.Lets turn to a story about ...Stay tuned, well be right back.Thank you for tuning in. Well be back at eleven with important updates.Tonights stories include ...(Answer Key Below) Example News Transcript Read this transcript and take note how transitional phrases are used during a news broadcast. Once you have finished, plan your own newscast with classmates. Anchor: Good evening and welcome to the local news. Tonights stories include the story of a boy and his dog, a look at improving employment figures, and a clip of the Timbers win at home last night. But first, lets check in on the weather. Tom, hows the weather looking?Meteorologist: Thank you Linda. Its been a beautiful day today, hasnt it? We had a high of 93 and a low of 74. The day started off with a few clouds, but weve had sunny skies since two oclock. We can expect more of the same tomorrow. Over to you Linda.Anchor: Thank you Tom, yes its a wonderful time of the year. Were so lucky with our weather.Meteorologist: Thats right!Anchor: Lets turn to a sweet story of a boy and his dog. Last night a dog was left in the parking lot sixty miles away from its home. The dogs owner, a boy of eight, tried everything to find Cindy. Yesterday, Cindy came home and scratched on the front door. John Smithers has more. John?Reporter: Thank you Linda. Yes, little Tom Anders is a happy boy tonig ht. Cindy, as you can see, is now playing in the backyard. She arrived home after having come more than sixty miles to reunite with Tom! As you can see, theyre overjoyed to be reunited.Anchor: Thank you John. Thats good news indeed! Now, lets check in with Anna for a look at last nights Timbers victory.Sports reporter: Timbers hit it big last night. Beating the Sounders 3-1. Alessandro Vespucci scored the first two goals, followed by Kevin Browns incredible header in the last minute.Anchor: Wow, that sounds exciting! Well, thank you everyone. This has been the evening news. Newscaster Language Answer Key Interrupting the newscast for breaking newsOpening the newscastIntroducing live coverageIntroducing the sports segmentIntroducing the weatherUsing pleasant small talk to finish the newsTransitioning to a new storyCutting to a commercialSigning off from the broadcastAnnouncing the headlines

The Post-Washington Consensus policies should be completely abandoned Essay

The Post-Washington Consensus policies should be completely abandoned and countries left to choose their own development paths. Discuss - Essay Example nomic level to be adopted by these developing states, especially the Latin American states and the ex-communist bloc, to help them come out of the dire economic crisis. The main idea behind the propagation of the ideals behind Washington Consensus implied that there would be fre flow of capital across borders, including the free flow of services along with the goods, increasing market efficiency by monitoring and assistance via International Financial Institutions i.e. the IMF (International Monetary Fund). However, during the 1990`s the definition and the context of the Washington Consensus was revised, and consequently what is now being termed as the â€Å"Post-Washington Consensus† was deemed as a product of this development. As opposed to the earlier definition, where the ideals of Washington Crisis were being adopted for the well-being of the developing states, the ideals now being implemented were rather aimed at dictating biased policies on the part of the IFI`s with th e sole purpose of maintaining their status quo which is now being rejected by the mainstream intellectual community in the developing world. The Post-Washington Consensus must policies must be replaced by a progressive set of policies, considering the needs and economic feasibility of the developing world. Also, instead of imposing the neo-liberal policies on the Global South, the states must be left with an option to adopt a set of policies more suitable to their socio-economic setup. The Post-Washington Consensus was inherently flawed in understanding the basic economic structure of the developed states, and adopting generic measures for intrinsically complex state of affairs governing in each setup (Jomo & Fine 2006). Thus, the tools and techniques being applied in this context failed to produce desired results, and thus the wave of disappointment amongst the economically weaker states was instigated. Also, instead of coming off as industrially developed nations, these states turned into

Brand management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Brand management - Essay Example Specifically that brand aims at reaching out for the professional class, which can afford to purchase and maintain this brand of vehicle (Spiggle, Nguyen, & Caravella, 2012). The company has diversified its models to fit the various demands of their target customers by manufacturing small and bid body size cars, all body types. Apart from being a part top-class vehicle, Mercedes model is preferred for its safety features. Mercedes-Benz has invested a lot on the safety of their vehicles by considering its high quality brakes, stable body structure and installation with airbags for sensitive impacts. This makes it ideal for its target class, who consider safety as a priority while selecting a vehicle brand. The originality of the vehicle makes its one of the most unique automobile brands in the automobile industry. For instance, its body type is unique and different from that of competitor companies. As depicted in the company’s website, the model takes the body of a â€Å"chicken† that is complex to define and hence unique only to the company. Uniqueness is a feature that the upper-class associated with style and fashion of an automobile (Whitson, R 2013). This is the major reason why this brand has received a lot of favoritism from the professional class. Over 80% of the purchases of the Merc edes-Benz brand prefer it for its optimal fashion design. Quality is an important aspect of the Mercedes-Benz brand that makes its preferable by its target customers. Although its repair and maintenance are expensive, it does not demand for frequent repair and maintenance, hence giving a desirable service to its users. The physical appearance makes it a likeable brand. Mercedes-Benz has a shiny appearance that reflects its classy design and style which makes it admirable from a far. Technology is another important aspect of the brand that makes it a favorite for the youths in the middle. For instance the

Influence of Music Essay Example for Free

Influence of Music Essay Music and radio has roots in American culture and the way society is today. The different types of music genres have shaped American culture and social behavior of Americans. Audio media has had a major affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially today’s youth and young adults. Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and RB created rock roll, music created American culture. Music appeals to young adults, and youth as an escape to the hard times of real life. Drawn by the explicit lyrics and beats, the youth always searches out for music to dance to and music to connect with. American culture has been steadily changing due to music and what is known as pop culture. The need to be accepted in a certain social group has a lot to do with music. Music brought a cultural shift in the race segregation, black artists playing music with white artists and for mixed audiences. American culture before the 50’s was a strict segregation culture and music allowed for the barrier to be broken. Artists using sexual innuendoes and other antics changed what was the norm of morals and values and put a more â€Å"lax† outlook on such things. Music has influenced the openness of sexuality and sexual orientation. More and more artists are open about their sexuality, making it more of a normal thing in American Culture. Being gay used to be shunned, and now it is openly celebrated. All of these things are because of music. The radio started playing what was known as â€Å"race† music on white stations and this made it so a lot of different Americans can hear and be exposed to a broad range of music. Becoming more acceptable rock and roll, punk, and hip hop have had an impact on the teens and young adults of American culture. The 80’s brought the rebelliousness out of teens with punk rock music, while the 90’s hip-hop has had a big effect on fashion and attitudes of people. Music has shaped American culture in many ways, a way of expressing one’s opinions and bringing groups of people together with similar ideals and opinions. A way of bringing what was different cultures together and making one culture, The American Culture. Rock and Roll is a genre of music that has forever changed the social behavior of Americans. Rock and roll has influenced American culture in the daily life, fashion and attitudes of most Americans. Rock and Roll broke the race barricade, forming in a time of a civil rights movement. Rock and roll was a new form of music that encouraged desegregation. Evolving black artists and white artists playing black music, rock and roll changed the way American culture accepts what was once taboo. Rock and roll put a perception of sex, drugs, and alcohol to be accepted and what is considered â€Å"cool†. Artists singing about doing drugs, or hooking up with random woman made it something to be idolized. Rock and roll influenced young adults to engage in risky behavior. Now is American culture, these things are almost considered normal. Rock and roll shaped fashion and is continuously changing fashion. Fans copy styles of their favorite artists as a way to express one’s self. From ripped up, tight, or baggy pants, long hair, colored hair, or shaved heads, the fashion is always changing. Some fashions coming back and making another appearance in American culture, a lot of fashion comes from Rock and roll. Piercings and tattoos once forbidden, is becoming more and more acceptable in American culture. It is not strange to see business people and stay at home moms with tattoos. Rock and roll has influenced this change in American culture and tattoos are â€Å"normal†. Rock and roll artists have changed the way sexuality and sexual orientation is looked at. Rock and roll has made it okay to be gay and okay to dress how someone wants. Rock and roll has given the care-free attitude to young adults. American culture has changed into a â€Å"screw society, morals and values† type of attitude, based on what rock and roll has made society. Rock and roll has given a sense of community to certain groups of people who share ideals and values, and brings them together into a certain setting. Rock and roll has had a major effect on social behavior of Americans and American culture. Music does affect social behavior and attitudes of Americans. Music gives people an outlet to express their opinions. Audio media has links to American cultures in every decade, changing and molding American into what it is today. Since the 1700’s even, people have sought out music as a way to connect to others. Audio media is an ever changing thing, which will always reflect on the social behavior and attitudes of Americans.

Ragged Dick by Horatio Alger :: Ragged Dick Horatio Alger

Ragged Dick by Horatio Alger      Ragged Dick is a novel written in the 1800’s by Horatio Alger.   It is a story about a young boy named Richard Hunter, also known as Ragged Dick, as he progresses though his childhood.   Ragged Dick is a typical Rags to Riches story where Dick struggles through the hardships of city life, trying to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a child, Dick is nothing more than a poor city boy who is trying to earn money on the streets of New York City.   He spends his time shining shoes for working men, making only about ten cents a pair.   Although he works and struggles to remain an honest, hardworking boy, he also gets caught up with smoking cigarettes and gambling.   Through Dick’s shoe-shining business, he tends to meet lots of people.   Each and every day is another learning experience for Dick.   There are many times when Dick’s integrity and honesty are tested, yet being a boy of good trust, he never cheats anyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As time goes on, Dick eventually meets a young boy named Frank, who is of a wealthy family, but is not at all familiar with New York City.   Dick makes a very intelligent proposal;   he offers to show Frank all around the city, and take him to all the famous places.   Young Frank accepts the proposal, and in exchange, his uncle buys Dick a new suit, and helps him clean himself up.   This was the real turning point in Richard Hunter’s life because Frank’s family was able to help young Dick.   They did this by providing shelter and more importantly, friendship for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From this point forward, Richard Hunter was no longer on the streets, and was determined to never look back.   He was able to get a job, earn more money, and eventually succeed in achieving his dreams.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While reading this book, I really was able to put myself in the story, and live Dick’s life with him.   This typical story of â€Å"Rags to Riches†, is a general theme for many people’ lives.   Today, as well as back in the 1800’s when the story was written, many everybody’s dream is to achieve success.   This formally became known as â€Å"The American Dream†.   Although this may seem strange for everyone to have the same idea, it really isn’t when you look at it with an open perspective.

The Base Stock Model

The Base Stock Model 1 Assumptions ? Demand occurs continuously over time ? Times between consecutive orders are stochastic but independent and identically distributed (i. i. d. ) ? Inventory is reviewed continuously ? Supply leadtime is a fixed constant L ? There is no fixed cost associated with placing an order ? Orders that cannot be fulfilled immediately from on-hand inventory are backordered 2 The Base-Stock Policy ? Start with an initial amount of inventory R. Each time a new demand arrives, place a replenishment order with the supplier. An order placed with the supplier is delivered L units of time after it is placed. ? Because demand is stochastic, we can have multiple orders (inventory on-order) that have been placed but not delivered yet. 3 The Base-Stock Policy ? The amount of demand that arrives during the replenishment leadtime L is called the leadtime demand. ? Under a base-stock policy, leadtime demand and inventory on order are the same. ? When leadtime demand (invent ory on-order) exceeds R, we have backorders. 4 Notation I: inventory level, a random variable B: number of backorders, a random variable X: Leadtime demand (inventory on-order), a random variable IP: inventory position E[I]: Expected inventory level E[B]: Expected backorder level E[X]: Expected leadtime demand E[D]: average demand per unit time (demand rate) 5 Inventory Balance Equation ? Inventory position = on-hand inventory + inventory onorder – backorder level 6 Inventory Balance Equation ? Inventory position = on-hand inventory + inventory onorder – backorder level ? Under a base-stock policy with base-stock level R, inventory position is always kept at R (Inventory position = R ) IP = I+X – B = R E[I] + E[X] – E[B] = R 7 Leadtime Demand ? Under a base-stock policy, the leadtime demand X is independent of R and depends only on L and D with E[X]= E[D]L (the textbook refers to this quantity as ? ). ? The distribution of X depends on the distribution of D. 8 I = max[0, I – B]= [I – B]+ B=max[0, B-I] = [ B – I]+ Since R = I + X – B, we also have I–B=R–X I = [R – X]+ B =[X – R]+ 9 ? E[I] = R – E[X] + E[B] = R – E[X] + E[(X – R)+] ? E[B] = E[I] + E[X] – R = E[(R – X)+] + E[X] – R ? Pr(stocking out) = Pr(X ? R) ? Pr(not stocking out) = Pr(X ? R-1) ? Fill rate = E(D) Pr(X ? R-1)/E(D) = Pr(X ? R-1) 10 Objective Choose a value for R that minimizes the sum of expected inventory holding cost and expected backorder cost, Y(R)= hE[I] + bE[B], where h is the unit holding cost per unit time and b is the backorder cost per unit per unit time. 11 The Cost Function Y (R) ? hE[ I ] ? bE[ B] ? h( R ? E[ X ] ? E[B]) ? bE[ B] ? h( R ? E[ X ]) ? (h ? b) E[ B] ? h( R ? E[ D]L) ? (h ? b)E ([ X ? R]? ? h( R ? E[ D]L) ? (h ? b)? x ? R ( x ? R) Pr( X ? x) ? 12 The Optimal Base-Stock Level The optimal value of R is the smallest integer that satisfies Y (R ? 1) ? Y ( R) ? 0. 13 Y ( R ? 1) – Y ( R) ? h ? R ? 1 ? E[ D]L ? ? (h ? b)? x? R? 1 ( x ? R ? 1) Pr( X ? x ) ? h ? R ? E[ D]L ? ? (h ? b)? x ? R ( x ? R) Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b)? x? R? 1 ? ( x ? R ? 1) ? ( x ? R) ? Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b)? x ? R? 1 Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b) Pr( X ? R ? 1) ? h ? (h ? b) ? 1 ? Pr( X ? R) ? ? ? b ? (h ? b) Pr( X ? R) ? ? ? ? 14 Y ( R ? 1) – Y ( R) ? 0 ? ?b ? (h ? ) Pr( X ? R) ? 0 b ? Pr( X ? R) ? b? h Choosing the smallest integer R that satisfies Y(R+1) – Y(R) ? 0 is equivalent to choosing the smallest integer R that satisfies b Pr( X ? R) ? b? h 15 Example 1 ? Demand arrives one unit at a time according to a Poisson process with mean ?. If D(t) denotes the amount of demand that arrives in the interval of time of length t, then (? t) x e t P r( D ( t ) ? x ) ? , x ? 0. x! ? Leadtime demand, X, can be shown in this case to also have the Poisson distribution with (? L ) x e L P r( X ? x ) ? , E [ X ] ? L , and V ar ( X ) ? ? L . x! 16 The Normal Approximation ? If X can be approximated by a normal distribution, then: R * ? E ( D ) L ? z b /( b ? h ) V ar ( X ) Y ( R *) ? ( h ? b ) V ar ( X )? ( z b /( b ? h ) ) ? In the case where X has the Poisson distribution with mean ? L R * ? ? L ? z b /( b ? h ) ? L Y ( R *) ? ( h ? b ) ? L ? ( z b /( b ? h ) ) 17 Example 2 If X has the geometric distribution with parameter ? , 0 ? ? ? 1 P ( X ? x ) ? ? x (1 ? ? ). ? E[X ] ? 1? ? Pr( X ? x ) ? ? x Pr( X ? x ) ? 1 ? ? x ? 1 18 Example 2 (Continued†¦) The optimal base-stock level is the smallest integer R* that satisfies Pr( X ? R * ) ? b b? h ln[ b ] b ? h ? 1 ln[ ? ] ? 1? ? R * ? 1 b ? ? R* ? b? h b ? ? ln[ ]? ? * b? h ? R ? ln[ ? ] ? ? ? ? 19 Computing Expected Backorders ? It is sometimes easier to first compute (for a given R), E[I ] ? ? R x? 0 ( R ? x ) Pr( X ? x ) and then obtain E[B]=E[I] + E[X] – R. ? For the case where leadtime demand has the Poisson distribution (with mean ? = E(D)L), the following relationship (for a fixed R) applies E[B]= ? Pr(X=R)+(? -R)[1-Pr(X? R)] 20

Audi Case Study

[pic] EVALUATE A COMPANY’S COMPETITIVE POSITION AND MARKET POTENTIAL IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY CASE STUDY: AUDI [pic] Team members: 1. NGUYEN Ngoc Khanh Chi 2. NGO Thi Nam Phuong 3. HUYNH Thi Bich Son 4. NGUYEN Truong Thinh 5. CHAU Ngoc Son Vu 6. DOGIELSKI David 7. NGUYEN Quoc Tuan TABLE OF CONTENT I/ FRAME WORK (Thinh)4 A. IDENTIFY THE STRATEGIC BUSINESS UNIT WITHIN AUDI AG4 B. SELECT SBU AND MARKET FOR THIS SBU4 C. SELECT PERIOD OF TIME FOR THIS SBU’S MARKET4 II/ ANALYSE COMPETITIVE POSITION AND MARKET POTENTIAL5 A. DEFINE THE COMPETITIVE SCOPE (Thinh)5 B. EVALUATE THE INTENSITY OF THE COMPETITION (VU)7 1.Determine the phase of the life cycle of the auto industry. 7 2. Competitive topology8 3. Entry barrier9 4. Evaluate competitive intensive10 C. EVALUATE THE COMPANY’S COMPETITIVE POSITION AND ITS MARKET POTENTIAL (PHUONG)10 1. Diagnose the company’s strengths and weaknesses using the value chain10 2. Benchmark the company performance by comparison with the industry leaders13 III/ MAKE RECOMMENDATION FOR COMPANY DEVELOPMENT14 A. PROPOSE A GENERIC STRATEGY (PORTER 1980) (DAVID)14 1. Diffentiation or Cost Leadership? 14 2. Industry wide or Particular Segment? 15 B. SELECT AN INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGY (SON)15 . Select an internationalization strategy15 2. Audi 2010:16 3. Audi 2015: keeping and improving the same strategy16 C. STUDY THE RELEVANCE OF A COOPERATION STRATEGY (CHI)17 1. The current situation of Audi AG’s symbiotic marketing strategy:17 2. Recommendation for Audi AG’s symbiotic marketing development:17 D. PRESENT A MARKETING PROCESS (TUAN)20 1. Market segmentation:20 2. Target marketing strategy20 3. Position the company and/or product21 E. GIVEN MAIN ORIENTATION FOR THE MARKETING MIX (TUAN)21 I/ FRAME WORK (Thinh) A. IDENTIFY THE STRATEGIC BUSINESS UNIT WITHIN AUDI AG Potential SBU |Organization profile |Industry mode |Demand dimension |Supply dimension | |Compact car |special skill |Most of the parts bought through |city-dwellers |Specialized | |(A1, A2, A3) |decentralize |VW’s central purchasing unit |entry level |Direct competitor (Mini, DS3)| | | |(benefit from economy of scale) |single | | |Medium car |special skill |high quality part only |luxury consumer |Specialized | | |decentralize | |Direct competitor (BMW, | | | | | |Mercedes) | |Big car |special skill |high quality part only |luxury consumer |Specialized | | |decentralize | | |Direct competitor (BMW, | | | | | |Mercedes) | |Sport car |Special skill |High quality part only |Young, excited, sportive hobby|Differentiation focus | | |Centralize | |Very niche market |Direct competitor (BMW, | | | | | |Mercedes) | There is no different for medium-sized car and big-sized car SBU so Audi is segmented into three SBUs: i) SBU 1: premium compact car ii) SBU 2: premium car (medium- and big-sized cars) iii) SBU 3: Sport car B. SELECT SBU AND MARKET FOR THIS SBU ? SUB: SBU-2 premium car ? Market: China market C. SELECT PERIOD OF T IME FOR THIS SBU’S MARKET Product life cycle of a premium car is about 4 year and today is 2010 so we will study in the period of time: 2010 – 2015 II/ ANALYSE COMPETITIVE POSITION AND MARKET POTENTIAL ? The Macro Environment of Chinese automobile industry analysis: PESTEL framework |Opportunities |Threats | |Political |Political stability |Entry mode regulation: joint-venture with < 50% | | |WTO |shareholding for foreign partner | | |Policy to encourage the automobile industry |High import tariff to protect domestic industry | | |development | | |Economic |Economic booming, high GDP growth, rising disposable |Rising oil price | | |income ( car purchasing power increase |Economic downturn | |Social |Large population |Culture difference between Western and China | | |Chinese like to buy luxury product to show their | | | |success | | |Technological |Chinese puts high effort on research and development |   | |Environmental |Green car |   | | |Low fuel consumptio n | | |Legal |   |Law is not very clear | | | |Lack of transparency | | | |Intellect right is not respected highly in China | A. DEFINE THE COMPETITIVE SCOPE (Thinh) Way of gaining C. A |Many |Fragmented Industry |Specialized industry | | |Few |Dilemma industry |Volume industry | |   | |Small |Big | |   | |The size of C. A | The number of way for Audi to gain the competitive advantage is many through the complexity of the product. It also has great advantage in technology, innovation, high quality of service. So Audi selects the specialized industry. Key Success Factor | |2010 |2015 | |High technology & innovation |Stronger | |Top service |Stronger | |Adaptation |Stronger to meet local customer expected | |Brand equity |Stronger, do not enter price war | ? Industry analysis Poster’s Five Forces – China Market P5F |2010 |2015 | |Threat of Entry |High threats: |Weak threats: the same | | |High profit market attracts new firms |High threats: same 2010 plus: | | |China is in its developing phase of automobile |- Hyundai, Tata (acquired the Jaguar and Land | | |life-cycle |Rover brands), Geely (Chinese firm) (acquired | | |Attracting policy for FDI |Volvo) will move to this segment. | |Weak intellectual property laws |Sump up: high threat for new entrance | | |Weak threats: | | | |High investment for set up mass production | | | |facility | | | |Germany firm and Audi itself is very strong and | | | |reputation | | | |Regulation ambiguous | | | |Regulation about environment ==> increase R&D cost| | | |Sump up: moderate threat for new entrance | | |Threat of Substitutes |Used car: weak |Weak | | |Public transportation: weak | | | |Switching cost: high | | | |Sump up: Weak | | |Bargaining power of buyer |Backward integration: low |Bargaining power of buyer is moderate | | |Switching cost: low | | | |Buyer independence: moderate | | | |Buyer size: moderate | | | |Sump up: bargaining power of buyer is weak | |Bargaining power of supplier |Utili zing VW network (economy of scale): |Weak | | |bargaining power of supplier is weak | | |Market competitor |  Moderate |High | [pic] B. EVALUATE THE INTENSITY OF THE COMPETITION (VU) 1. Determine the phase of the life cycle of the auto industry. Most of the Western car market enters into saturation stage. In Europe and USA, specifically there is a high â€Å"motorization rate† (car per family and car per persons) and the demand is almost entirely constituted by replacement purchase. In reverse, China market just come to development stages with blooming in sale. In the year 2010, at the first time, China market reaches nearly the same ratio with Germany. [pic] Source: Audi (2010) Annual Report, p. 132 2. Competitive topologyIn order to build competitive topology, we choose 2 most KSF of Audi in Chinese market: Market penetrative level and Brand Equity. [pic] Volkswagen Group, the owner of Audi, is one of the earliest automobile manufacturers has production in China. In 1991 , FAW and the Volkswagen Group decided to set up a joint venture under the name ‘FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Company† to manufacture of the Audi 100 model. This early penetration in Chinese market help Audi get a big advantage of knowing exactly Chinese consumer, customize its designs to cater to Chinese tastes. The two main other competitors, BMW and Mercedes manufactured in China quite late (2004 and 2006) when Audi already had a strong position in China local market.According to researcher IHS Automotive, the market share of Audi by 2010 is 31% while Mercedes and BMW is only 21% and 21. 6%. [pic] Source: IHS Automotive China already generates the fattest profit margins for German luxury carmakers because customers in China typically purchase higher-end models than buyers in the U. S. or Europe do. Slowing economy and rising fuel prices have led to a glut of cars in Chinese showrooms this year, forcing dealers to cut prices. Among luxury brands, Audi still keep the high price and prevent to joint into price war while other especially, Mercedes has been offering the steepest discounts, according to car pricing website cheshi. com.With the high price level, Audi prove their strong position in China market which focuses on the level of product to show up their social position. 3. Entry barrier a. High technology, costly to R. While German automotive industry already built up a high standard quality, high technology feature, it take a lot of effort for rising up competitors from Korea as Hyundai to catch up the high-tech race and R need to be invested a huge money b. Strong brand recognition of German car â€Å"With anything in China, the first mover gets more,† Thomas Callarman, director of the Center for Automotive Research at the China Europe International Business School in Shanghai said that.This is true to automotive industry; people are just more familiar with Audi. It will take a lot of time for another competitors to build up the brand recognition to China market especially the one not come from Germany. That make Audi have a unique advantage that make any other competitors very difficult to follow, that is the time. It has a strong position brand name in China market in a very long time for premium car. c. Bottleneck in the production and distribution. By 2015, Mercedes plans to double its annual production capacity in the world’s biggest automobile market to 200,000 vehicles annually, though that won’t be enough to keep up with its rivals.BMW plans to quadruple potential output to 400,000 and Audi is seeking to more than triple capacity to 700,000 by the middle of the decade. This will make Audi keep the advantage in distribution car to customer in the shortest time if compare with other. 4. Evaluate competitive intensive As China market is booming, the distance between each strategy group is not so closed. The strategic freedom is medium; there is always chance for other to join into higher group. However, the entry barrier at this period 2010-2015 seem difficult for other groups to move to higher, we can conclude that the Competitive Intensive is medium mean each strategy group is chasing each other aggressively but the chance for all to get market share is the same in this blooming market. C.EVALUATE THE COMPANY’S COMPETITIVE POSITION AND ITS MARKET POTENTIAL (PHUONG) 1. Diagnose the company’s strengths and weaknesses using the value chain |VALUE CHAIN |STRENGTH |WEAKNESS | |Research and Development |No information | | |Design of Products, Services,|(++++) | | |or Processes |Audi has always introduced the newest technology to China with worldwide standard | | | |apply for Audi. | |Production |(+++) |(-) | | |Manufacturing of Audi in worldwide | | | |[pic] | | | |New assembly hall in China | | | |Together with the Chinese joint venture partner China FAW group corporation | | | |(Changchun, China), Audi AG opened a new assembly hall at the Chinese production | | | |plant in Changchun in fall 2009. The long-wheelbase version of Audi A4 & The Audi A5 | | | |are now built there to the same high standards that apply throughout the Audi | | | |production system worldwide.The addition of a new hall has boosted the location’s | | | |manufacturing output to 200,000 cars annually | | |Marketing & Sales |(+++) |(-) | | |In fiscal year 2009, the Audi brand delivered 950 thousand vehicles to customers | | | |worldwide, down 5. 4% on the previous year. In Western Europe, sales figures fell by | | | |11. 8%. The downturn on the US market was 5. 7%, which was less than the figure for the| | | |market as a whole. By contrast, the brand recorded a significant growth rate of 32. 9%| | | |on the Chinese passenger car market. | | |AUDI BRAND | | | |   | | | |   | | | |   | | | |   | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | | | |   | | | |   | | | |2009 | | | |   | | | |2008 | | | |   | | | |% | | | | | | | |Deliveries (thousand units) | | | |   | | | |950 | | | |   | | | |1,003 | | | |   | | | |–5. | | | | | | | |Vehicle sales | | | |   | | | |1,183 | | | |   | | | |1,275 | | | |   | | | |–7. | | | | | | | |Production | | | |   | | | |924 | | | |   | | | |1,022 | | | | | | | |–9. | | | | | | | |Sales revenue (â‚ ¬Ã‚  million) | | | |   | | | |29,840 | | | |   | | | |34,196 | | | |   | | | |–12. | | | | | | | |Operating profit | | | |   | | | |1,604 | | | |   | | | |2,772 | | | |   | | | |–42. | | | | | | | |as % of sales revenue | | | |   | | | |5. 4 | | | |   | | | |8. | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | | | |China is the largest foreign market of the company, there was an appreciable rise in | | | |the volume of deliveries of 32. 9% to 158,941 Audi vehicle demand for the long | | | |wheelbase models developed specially for the Chinese market, the Audi A4 L, & A6 L, | | | |was particularly high in the year under review.The Audi bra nd consequently cemented | | | |its leading position in the Chinese premium segment last year | | |Distribution |(+++) |(-) | | |146 local franchisees by the end of August 2009 | | |Customer Service |(+++) |(-) | | |Audi CSI Ranking is 836 in comparison with middle point is 817 | | | |[pic] | | | |Source : J. D. Power Asia Pacific Reports 2009 | | 2. Benchmark the company performance by comparison with the industry leaders Thanks to its generic strategy, Audi is now the leader in delivering premium ars to customers in China market (source: â€Å"Audi in China† – Audi China President report, 2012) Audi image in China market [pic] III/ MAKE RECOMMENDATION FOR COMPANY DEVELOPMENT A. PROPOSE A GENERIC STRATEGY (PORTER 1980) (DAVID) 1. Diffentiation or Cost Leadership? As Audi has chosen â€Å"to target a clientele which can be characterized by its high incomeLevel†, the best strategy to adapt in the generic strategy is Differentiation Strategy: – â€Å"Aud i seeks to differentiate itself from its competitors through the technological superiority of the models it sells and by the quality of the service offered, which applies to all dealerships, everywhere in the world†. |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Cost Leadership |Mass production |Brand seen as cheap and low cost | | |Customer less requiring about quality | | |Differentiation |Good Image of the Brand |Expensive to produce | | |Customer less sensitive to price |Need to have always a good quality production| PRODUCT QUALITY : Audi wants to apply the same standards at the international level in order to build a uniform brand image and respond to the demand of a mobile clientele. 2. Industry wide or Particular Segment? The target customer segment is not really price-sensitive. In China, the purchasing power is low but a fragment of the population is able to buy an Audi Car. However, it is not a particular segment like Rolls Royce or Ferrari. Audi’s target is the rich Chines e class, and so we chose Industry wide. |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Industry wide |More potential customers |Brand not seen as the best existing | | |A large quantity produced, economy of scale | | |Particular Segment |Brand seen as very special |Not possible to make scale economy | | |Customer not sensitive to price |Few potential of customers | Audi was the first â€Å"premium segment† manufacturer to produce vehicles in China, in 1988. It gives an advantage on the Chinese Market, and a leadership position compared to its competitors. B. SELECT AN INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGY (SON) 1. Select an internationalization strategy i) Evaluate the advantage and drawbacks of the adaptation policy and the standardization policy: | |Advantages |Drawdown | |Final Sale Made in Germany |Costly (Labor costs in Germany is very | | |Protect know how |high) | | |Quality control |Risky | |Foreign Direct Investment |Saving cost |No made in Germany | | | |No profit before long term | ii) Pr opose an internationalization strategy: transnational strategy |GLOBAL STRATEGY |TRANSNATIONAL STRATEGY | | |Audi 2010 and Audi 2015 | |INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY |MULTINATIONAL STRATEGY | 2. Audi 2010: TRANSNATIONAL STRATEGY AUDI â€Å"Premium† Brand (2010 and 2015)Principle Market: Germany, Europe (not including Germany), Emerging Markets (China, Russia), United States. Reference norm: Global Developmental logic: Standardization and Adaptation (Apply the same standards at the international level) Principal modes of internationalization: Exporting, International Joint ventures and Owned Subsidiaries. 3. Audi 2015: keeping and improving the same strategy With transnational strategy, it will help Audi create competences of global relevance, responsiveness to local condition and innovation and learning on an organization –wide scale. It responds specifically to the challenges of globalization and tends to have a high proportion of fixed responsibilities in the horizontal l ines of management.If it is to work, the transnational structure must have very clearly defined managerial roles, relationship and boundaries. That means, Audi should adopt the geocentric orientation. The employees are recruited from all over the world, so that the best people are recruited to solve global problems. Audi will have to try to develop both global differentiation and global integration between headquarter and foreign subsidiaries. The focus is therefore to gain the potential advantages of an integrated company, and to gain the advantages of differentiation in product offerings. The alignment between Transnational Strategy and Audi’ profile is below: |Concentrated decision making power |Dispersed decision making power | |High interdependence between | |Transnational Strategy | |activities | | | | | |Geocentric Orientation | |High interdependence between | | | |activities | | | C. STUDY THE RELEVANCE OF A COOPERATION STRATEGY (CHI) 1. The current situation of Audi AG’s symbiotic marketing strategy: |LATERAL COOPERATION |OUTSOURCING COOPERATION | |(Alliance) |(Sub-contracting) | |None. POLYTEC GROUP to manufacture some of Audi’s engine components for Audi | | |A4, A6, A8†¦ | |CORRELATION COOPERATION |ELECTRIC COOPERATION | |(Co-branding) |(Sponsoring/New products) | | | | |A â€Å"Bose HiFi Audi car†: customer can enjoy a high-quality sound |Movies sponsoring: | |system provided by BOSE in Audi cars. |Audi sponsored â€Å"Iron Man 2† and created the â€Å"Tony Stark Innovation | |Audi’s Google-enhanced navigation system (Google Map, Google |Challenge† contest. | |Street View, Google Navigation). |Audi sponsored â€Å"Knight and Day†:  Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz drove the | |Apple’s button on steering wheel or in the dashboard of Audi cars |S5 Cabriolet. | |for connecting to Apple’s Siri-based â€Å"Eyes Free† solution (coming |Sport sponsoring: | |in 2013. |A udi Cup 2011 with 04 famous soccer teams: Bayern Munich (GER), AC | |Audi – UNICEF joint programs in several activities: emergency |Milan (ITA), Barcelona (SPN) and SC International de Porto Alegre | |giving, fund-rising (esp. in China market) |(BRA), of which three first teams are members of Audi's international | | |soccer family. | | |Bayern Munich's basketball team joined the football players in flying | | |the flag for Audi brand. | |Charity donation: | | |Emergency giving: During China's 2008 Sichuan earthquake emergency, | | |Audi donated US$2,205,107 for UNICEF’s relief effort and long-term | | |recovery needs of children. | | |From 2005, Audi sponsored a fundraising project ‘Audi Driving Dreams’ | | |in China, to support UNICEF efforts to provide children with access to | | |sports, recreational activities and a variety of activity-based | | |lessons, through which they can realize their fullest potential within | | |society. | |Envir onmental activities sponsor: | | |AUDI AG provides backup for the â€Å"Oak Forest† research project with the | | |Bavarian State Forestry and the Chair of Forest Yield Science at the | | |Technical University of Munich | (Source: Audi annual report 2011, UNICEF website, Audi website, Polytech website) 2. Recommendation for Audi AG’s symbiotic marketing development: Alliance cooperation: Currently, Audi does not have any kind of alliance with other partner outside Germany (except for a joint venture FAW-Volkswagen Group set up in China).Audi AG is a strong and well recognized brand name for premium high-end car, so in this time it is important o maintain the high homogeneity of their standard and image by ‘standing alone’ and not with an alliance with other automobile makers. Outsourcing cooperation: Besides outsourcing engine parts and car interior parts, Audi should outsource their customer service to the local service providers. Outsoaring such serv ices such as customer care and/or car maintenance-repairing service is not only provide Audi owners the standardization quality of Audi services worldwide; but also provide the customized local values, especially in important foreign markets such as U. S, China, or Great Britain. Correlation cooperation:By co-branding with leading names in other industries, Audi will continue to confirm its premium quality of the automobiles, for example, high-quality sounding system from BOSE, or Audi’s Google-based map and navigation. This collaboration will provide a convenient and interesting driving experience to the Audi owners. [pic] An Audi-Bose sound system & speaker inside an Audi A4 (Source: internet) Electric cooperation: For Audi, electric cooperation such as sponsoring for social activities, especially in their important market such as China or U. S, is very important not only for marketing strategy but also for showing their commitments to the development of the society.Audi sh ould involve more in many kinds of social activities as recommended below: ? Blockbuster movies production (Hollywood movies) ? Sport games / sport tournaments (such as Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro Cup) ? Charity donation & fund raising event (such as UNICEF fund for children, or poverty relief funds) ? Music event (such as Beijing Music Festival, Audi Summer Concerts ) ? Environmental activities (such as forest research program) ? Safe driving campaign (together with the local government) Participating in such above activities will prove the commitment of Audi AG about corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards the society.Those activities would also bring back the good result to Audi: supporting to penetrate Audi image to the market, increase the goodwill of people towards the company, and bring them the potential customers in the future. D. PRESENT A MARKETING PROCESS (TUAN) 1. Market segmentation: | |China |Western Europe |NAFTA |JAPAN |Central eastern Europe | | | | | | |and South America | |Automotive industry |Growing |Maturity |Maturity |  Maturity |Growing | |trend, demand and |Stagnation |Stagnation |Stagnation | | |production | | | | | | |Competitors |New competitors coming |Traditional |Traditional |Traditional |Traditional competitors | | |due to emerging process |competitors |competitors |competitors | | 2. Target marketing strategy From the market segmentation and information, China is most attractive market (consist of 13. 5% of global market) in front of Central Eastern Europe (9. % of global market) and South America (7% of global market), Western Europe (market maturity, decreasing demand), NAFTA (market maturity, decreasing demand), Japan (market maturity, decreasing demand). Therefore, Audi should target to maximize their volume of products, new products and profit in China Market and Central Eastern Europe (including Hungary market) and South America. On the other hand, Audi should also maintain their position, products i n the other markets to control their traditional competitors. Audi should adopt the selective specification strategy while the several marketing mixes are implemented in different segments. The same product is marketed differently in different segments. 3. Position the company and/or product Perceptual (Positioning) map: [pic] E. GIVEN MAIN ORIENTATION FOR THE MARKETING MIX (TUAN) P(Product) |Create new models of car with innovative technology (brand new). | |P (Price) |Economies of scale and try to use maximum advantage of supporting from Volkswagen Group to have maximum | | |savings in production. | |P(Distribution) |Coverage maximum China market and central eastern Europe and south America and try to maintain market in | | |remaining areas. | | |Joint venture and/or 100% subsidiaries approach should be considered. | |P (Promotion) |Enhancement of personalized customer service. | |Attend every professional trade shown in every market area, especially in China and Central Eastern E urope;| | |South America. | ———————– Fit and Finish Serviceability Reliability Name [pic][? ][lmnorsvw†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬ ¡? e? O?  ©?  ©Ã¢â‚¬ [email  protected]$JIhJ5OJQJ^Jh$JIho5h$JIhJ55? OJQJh$JIhuF? 5? OJQJhuF? 5? OJQJhJ55? OJQJ(j{:h$JIhA OJQJU[pic]mHnHu[pic](h$JIh ±-N5? B* CJOJQJaJphâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬(h$JIhA 5? B* CJOJQJaJphâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬(h$JIhirM5? B* CJOJQJaJphâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬h$JIhAConformance to Specifications Durability Performance AUDI BRAND IN CHINA Features 31% Audi BMW 21. 6% Mercedes 21% 21% Other 2004 Brand Equity High High Low Market penetrate level

How to write the perfect interview thank you note

How to write the perfect interview thank you note Someone wise once said, â€Å"Saying thanks costs nothing but gives everything.† If you’re a jobseeker who’s currently going through the interview process, it can also help you to gain everything, especially that coveted position. Sending a job interview thank you note within 24 hours of a meeting isn’t just good manners; it can be the act that ultimately secures you the role. Not only do follow-up notes serve to remind hiring managers of your exchange, but they also show prospective employers that you really want the job and that you’re the sort of polite, committed individual they want in their workforce. In other words, follow-up notes are a must-do, and with National Thank You Note Day coming up soon on December 26th, now is a particularly good time to start thinking about how best to express gratitude in a letter or email. Because to really have an impact, you need to go beyond simply saying, â€Å"Thanks for your time†. Let’s loo k at how to craft post-interview correspondence that sets you apart from the competition.1. Lay the groundwork.You should ideally write a personalized job interview thank you note to every individual who set aside time to meet with you – if there were five people on the interview panel, best practice would dictate that you craft five separate letters. To make this easier for yourself, try to get each person’s business card at the end of the interview, or if this isn’t possible, ask your main contact for the other interviewers’ full names and email addresses before you leave.2. Make your â€Å"thank you† sincere and specific.It’s important that your issue of thanks feels genuine and not like something you’re just checking off a list. To make it sound sincere, don’t stop at â€Å"Thanks for meeting with me today.† Rather, pick out and mention one or two specific things you truly appreciated about the exchange. Maybe the in terviewer went out of their way to make you feel relaxed. Maybe they patiently answered all of your questions at the close of the interview. By calling out these particulars, you show that you noticed, and place value on, the effort they invested in the conversation.3. Reference a unique, memory-jogging detail.Hiring managers typically interview a bunch of candidates for a single vacancy, and they’ll likely receive a heap of thank you notes, too. So, when your letter appears in their inbox, they might not immediately recall who you are. Remind them by making reference to a part of the discussion that was (most likely) unique to you. For example, perhaps you discovered that you share a favorite author or attended the same university. Or maybe you found yourselves chatting about an exciting new industry development for a solid 10 minutes. Allude to this in your job interview thank you note to make sure that your face pops into the recipient’s mind when they’re rea ding it.4. Show that you were really listening.Employers want to hire someone who can hit the ground running – someone who really understands what the company needs and what would be required of them as an employee. In most interviews, hiring managers will cover these sorts of details. Show that you were paying attention, and that you genuinely care about the position, by speaking to a few of the key points that the interviewer shared with you. Illustrate that you’re familiar with the goals and challenges that the organization is currently facing, and then go one step further by highlighting how your skills and experience position you well to help them achieve their objectives.5. Reiterate your interest in the position.In the same way that you might leave a meet-up wondering what the interviewers think of you, they might walk away wondering how you feel about the role, now that you’ve learned more details. Use your job interview thank you note to reassure prospe ctive employers that you’re still enthusiastic about the position. Express your genuine interest by pulling out specifics about the role and company that really appeal to you, but be careful not to overdo it.6. Invite a response.Close your note by encouraging the recipient to contact you if they have additional questions or need extra documentation from you in order to make a decision. You could also politely request interview feedback. This way, interviewers will be pressed to follow up, and you’ll (ideally) keep the lines of communication open and your name top of mind.7. Pay attention to formatting and tone.In today’s digital age, it’s absolutely fine to send your job interview thank you note in email form (unless the company you’re applying to is old-school, in which case a handwritten letter would be better). Either way, make sure the tone and language you use is professional, and format the note like you would a formal business letter, with a ppropriate opening and closing salutations. Remember to proofread for spelling and grammatical errors, and finally, keep the note as a whole succinct – while hiring managers will appreciate a â€Å"thank you,† they probably won’t take kindly to having to wade through an epic story.LiveCareer  offers assistance to jobseekers at every step of the journey. Access free  resume templates  and  resume examples, plus a free  resume builder  and advice on how to answer  interview questions  of all stripes.

What Does “Competitive Salary” Mean

What Does â€Å"Competitive Salary† Mean Sometimes the vocabulary of job searching all seems to blend together into a confusing jumble. Have you seen the phrasing  Ã¢â‚¬Å"competitive salary,† and not been quite sure what it means? Let us help. Competitive salary simply means that the salary they’ll offer will be equal to or more than the industry standard for similar jobs in the same geographical area. That makes it easy to estimate if you do a bit of field research. It also means this company might be more open to salary negotiations. Or that they keep their salary information confidential to protect their employees; i.e. you’ll find out when you’re hired. It also might mean that the company is trying to weed out candidates who are only in it for the money. You might also see the terms â€Å"negotiable salary† or â€Å"market rate.† Those terms usually mean the same thing.It’s Not All in the NumbersRemember: in places where supply is lower than demand, the going rate, or â €Å"competitive salary† will be higher. And also keep in mind that there are other forms of compensation in a package, like benefits. One company might offer a lower salary than another, but more than make up for that in the benefits they are willing to provide.Determine Your GoalsIf you’re looking for a job, the most important things to consider are what you need to support your life. Do your research into the going market rate in your region. Then figure out what the minimum is you’d need to make. Don’t forget to consider things like benefits. What would insurance cost in your state if not subsidized by your employer? How much paid time off would you want in a given year- and how much would that be worth, given the rates? Will this company contribute significantly to a 401k?Once you know what you need, or want, you’ll reach an appropriate moment to bring this up with your potential employer- usually not before the second interview, or when an off er is made at the latest. One option is to wait and see whether the employer brings it up first and saves you the awkwardness of finding a way to steer the conversation in that direction. Once you find your moment, inquire about the compensation.Be StrategicOnce you have your answer, and it’s not quite enough, realize you might not get what you ask for. But don’t walk away! Use what you’ve learned about the â€Å"market rate† to gently and respectfully see if they are willing to negotiate. If you’re the candidate they want, chances are that if they can, they’ll try.Remember: Don’t sell yourself short if you don’t absolutely have to. Stay strong and get your needs met- that way you won’t resent your employer down the line.

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management accounting - Essay Example But, desirability and effectiveness of accounting for organization control is a critical issue because accounting procedures consists of few integrative devices of organizations where business activities are not only drawn together by values but those are integrated in a quantitative manner. So, accounting is most efficient tool of organizational control system where standard qualitative procedures are followed to evaluate qualitative performance of the organizations for management control over the organizations. These facilitates other external stakeholders of the organizations like investors, creditors etc. for their valuable financial decision making which are highly depends on actual performance of the organizations. So, this study analyzes the effectiveness or relevance, desirability, faithfulness or reliability of accounting information for management control over organizations. Introduction Organizations show stable and consistent types of behaviour in interaction with the bus iness environment which is consistently changing. They have wide range of external influences from external business environment but have enough capability to change internally to protect their integrity. This stability and flexibility of organizational internal behaviour and control possess through effective and integrative control mechanism. One of the most important control mechanisms of organizational is internal accounting system. This consists of integrative process of accounting for implementation of accounting information in management control. So, management accounting systems has major importance in organizations as it consists of some integrative mechanisms that are capable for summarizing the qualitative effect of organizational actions or activities in quantitative values. This study review the major functions of accounting information that helps the management in the area of integrative process of organizational control. Efficient accounting provides integrative langua ge for analysing the impact of diverse internal and external influences on organizations that have substantial positive or negative impact on organizational performance. Nature of organizational control with respect to implication accounting information is qualitatively reviewed in this paper to assess the necessary conditions for control. These conditions are derived and applied in management control. Main objective of accounting policy is to produce fair valued accounting information that is highly reliable and relevant to the purpose and objectives of financials statement (WBS, 2012). The extent of desirability and effectiveness of accounting information are analysed with respect to management control and strategic decision making process. Further, scope of faithful or reliable accounting information on organizational control by management is also analysed. Again, measurement process of organizational performance both quantitative and qualitative is analysed with reference to the implication of relevant and reliable accounting information in organizational performance measurement and essential internal reconstruction with respect to change in external business environment. Desirability and Effectiveness of accounting information for organizational control There are two broad purpose of accounting information, external and internal. External purpose includes the investment decision making by the shareholders and potential new investors of an organization, credit